ISRAEL

HISTORY of ISRAEL. TIME LINE

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Remember the days of old, consider the years of many generations... (Deuteronomy 32:7)

The birthplace of the Jewish people is the Land of Israel (Eretz Yisrael). There, a significant part of the nation's long history was enacted, of which the first thousand years are recorded in the Bible; there, its cultural, religious, and national identity was formed; and there, its physical presence has been maintained through the centuries, even after the majority was forced into exile. During the many years of dispersion, the Jewish people never severed nor forgot its bond with the Land. With the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, Jewish independence, lost 2,000 years earlier, was renewed.

Archeology in Israel involves the systematic investigation of all the remains of the country's past - from prehistory to the end of Ottoman rule. The profusion of material remains is evidence of the many cultures that have left their imprint on the Land.

Above all archeological research clearly reveals the historical link between the Jewish people, the Bible and the Land of Israel, uncovering the remains of the cultural heritage of the Jewish people in its homeland. These visible remains, buried in the soil, constitute the physical link between the past, the present and the future of the Jewish people in its country.

This unbroken chain of history can be observed at sites all over the country. Jerusalem, the capital of Israel, has been the focus of extensive archeological activity and remains of 5,000 years of history have been revealed.

TIMELINE OF HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS

17th-6th C. BCEBIBLICAL TIMES

(BCE - Before the Common Era)

c.17th century

Drawings by

Noam Nadav

Abraham, Isaac, Jacob - patriarchs of the Jewish people and bearers of a belief in one God - settle in the Land of Israel.

Famine forces Israelites to migrate to Egypt.

c.13th centuryExodus from Egypt: Moses leads Israelites from Egypt, followed by 40 years of wandering in the desert.

Torah, including the Ten Commandments, received at Mount Sinai.

13th-12th

centuriesIsraelites settle in the Land of Israel

c.1020Jewish monarchy established; Saul, first king.

c.1000Jerusalem made capital of David's kingdom.

c.960First Temple, the national and spiritual center of the Jewish people, built in Jerusalem by King Solomon.

c. 930Divided kingdom: Judah and Israel

722-720Israel crushed by Assyrians; 10 tribes exiled (Ten Lost Tribes).

586

Judah conquered by Babylonia; Jerusalem and First Temple destroyed; most Jews exiled.

THE SECOND TEMPLE PERIOD

538-142Persian and Hellenistic periods

538-515Many Jews return from Babylonia; Temple rebuilt.

332Land conquered by Alexander the Great; Hellenistic rule.

166-160

Maccabean (Hasmonean) revolt against restrictions on practice of Judaism and desecration of the Temple

142-129Jewish autonomy under Hasmoneans.

129-63Jewish independence under Hasmonean monarchy.

63Jerusalem captured by Roman general, Pompey.

63 BCE-313

Roman rule

63-4 BCE

Herod, Roman vassal king, rules the Land of Israel;

Temple in Jerusalem refurbished

(CE - The Common Era)

c. 20-33Ministry of Jesus of Nazareth

66Jewish revolt against the Romans

70Destruction of Jerusalem and Second Temple.

73Last stand of Jews at Masada.

132-135Bar Kokhba uprising against Rome.

c. 210Codification of Jewish oral law (Mishna) completed.

FOREIGN DOMINATION

313-636Byzantine rule

c. 390Commentary on the Mishna (Jerusalem Talmud) completed.

614Persian invasion

636-1099Arab rule

691On site of First and Second Temples in Jerusalem, Dome of the Rock built by Caliph Abd el-Malik.

1099-1291Crusader domination

(Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem)

1291-1516Mamluk rule

1517-1917Ottoman rule

1564Code of Jewish law (Shulhan Arukh) published.

1860First neighborhood built outside walls of Jerusalem's Old City.

1882-1903First Aliya (large-scale immigration), mainly from Russia.

1897

First Zionist Congress convened by Theodor Herzl in Basel, Switzerland; Zionist Organization founded.

1904-14Second Aliya, mainly from Russia and Poland.

1909First kibbutz, Degania, and first modern all-Jewish city, Tel Aviv, founded.

1917400 years of Ottoman rule ended by British conquest;

British Foreign Minister Balfour pledges support for establishment of a "Jewish national home in Palestine"

1918-48

British rule

1919-23Third Aliya, mainly from Russia

1920Histadrut (General Federation of Labor) and Haganah (Jewish defense organization) founded.

Vaad Leumi (National Council) set up by Jewish community (Yishuv) to conduct its affairs.

1921First moshav (cooperative village), Nahalal, founded.

1922Britain granted Mandate for Palestine (Land of Israel) by League of Nations; Transjordan set up on three-fourths of the area, leaving one fourth for the Jewish national home.

Jewish Agency representing Jewish community vis-a-vis Mandate authorities set up.

1924

Technion, first institute of technology, founded in Haifa.

1924-32Fourth Aliya, mainly from Poland.

1925Hebrew University of Jerusalem opened on Mount Scopus.

1929Hebron Jews massacred by Arab terrorists.

1931Etzel, Jewish underground organization, founded.

1933-39Fifth Aliya, mainly from Germany.

1936-39Anti-Jewish riots instigated by Arab terrorists.

1939Jewish immigration severely limited by British White Paper.

1939-45World War II; Holocaust in Europe.

1941Lehi underground movement formed; Palmach, strike force of Haganah, set up.

1944Jewish Brigade formed as part of British forces.

1947UN proposes the establishment of Arab and Jewish states in the Land.

STATE OF ISRAEL

1948

End of British Mandate (14 May)

State of Israel proclaimed (14 May).

Israel invaded by five Arab states (15 May).

Israel Defense Forces (IDF) established.

War of Independence (May 1948-July 1949).

1949

Armistice agreements signed with Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon.

Jerusalem divided under Israeli and Jordanian rule.

First Knesset (parliament) elected.

Israel admitted to United Nations as 59th member.

1948-52

Mass immigration from Europe and Arab countries.

1956Sinai Campaign

1962Adolf Eichmann tried and executed in Israel for his part in the Holocaust.

1964

National Water Carrier completed, bringing water from Lake Kinneret in the north to the semi-arid south.

1967

Six-Day War; Jerusalem reunited.

1968-70Egypt's War of Attrition against Israel

1973Yom Kippur War

1975Israel becomes an associate member of the European Common Market.

1977Likud forms government after Knesset elections, end of 30 years of Labor rule.

Visit of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat to Jerusalem.

1978Camp David Accords include framework for comprehensive peace in the Middle East and proposal for Palestinian self-government.

1979Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty signed.

Prime Minister Menachem Begin and President Anwar Sadat awarded Nobel Peace Prize.

1981Israel Air Force destroys Iraqi nuclear reactor just before it is to become operative.

1982Israel's three-stage withdrawal from Sinai Peninsula completed.

Operation Peace for Galilee removes Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) terrorists from Lebanon.

1984National unity government (Likud and Labor) formed after elections.

Operation Moses, immigration of Jews from Ethiopia.

1985Free Trade Agreement signed with United States.

1987Widespread violence (Intifada) starts in Israeli-administered areas.

1988Likud government wins elections.

1989

Four-point peace initiative proposed by Israel.

Start of mass immigration of Jews from former Soviet Union.

1991Israel attacked by Iraqi Scud missiles during Gulf war.

Middle East peace conference convened in Madrid;

Operation Solomon, airlift of Jews from Ethiopia.

1992Diplomatic relations established with China and India.

New government headed by Yitzhak Rabin of Labor Party.

1993Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements for the Palestinians signed by Israel and PLO, as representative of the Palestinian people (Oslo Accords).

1994

Implementation of Palestinian self-government in Gaza Strip and Jericho area.

Full diplomatic relations with the Holy See.

Morocco and Tunisia interest offices set up.

Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty signed.

Rabin, Peres, Arafat awarded Nobel Peace Prize.

1995Broadened Palestinian self-government implemented in West Bank and Gaza Strip; Palestinian Council elected.

Prime Minister Rabin assassinated at peace rally.

Shimon Peres becomes prime minister.

1996Fundamentalist Arab terrorism against Israel escalates.

Operation Grapes of Wrath, retaliation for Hizbullah terrorists' attacks on northern Israel.

Trade representation offices set up in Oman and Qatar.

Likud forms government after Knesset elections.

Binyamin Netanyahu elected prime minister.

Omani trade representation office opened in Tel Aviv.

1997Hebron Protocol signed by Israel and the PA.

1998

Israel celebrates its 50th anniversary.

Israel and the PLO sign the Wye River Memorandum to facilitate implementation of the Interim Agreement.

1999Ehud Barak (left-wing One Israel party) elected prime minister; forms coalition government.

Israel and the PLO sign the Sharm-el-Sheikh Memorandum.

2000Visit of Pope Paul II.

Israel withdraws from the Security Zone in southern Lebanon.

Israel admitted to UN Western European and Others Group.

Renewed violence (Second Intifada). Prime Minister Barak resigns.

2001Ariel Sharon (Likud) elected Prime Minister; forms broad-based unity government.

The Sharm-el-Sheikh Fact-Finding Committee report (Mitchell Report) issued.

Palestinian-Israeli Security Implementation Work Plan (Tenet ceasefire plan) proposed.

Rechavam Ze'evy, Minister of Tourism, assassinated by Palestinian terrorists.

2002

Israel launches Operation Defensive Shield in response to massive Palestinian terrorist attacks.

Israel begins building the anti-terrorist fence to stop West Bank terrorists from killing Israeli citizens.

Prime Minister Sharon disperses the Knesset, calling for new elections to be held on 28 January 2003.

2003

Right-of-center coalition government formed by Prime Minister Ariel Sharon.

Israel accepts the Roadmap.

2005

Israel carries out the Disengagement Plan, ending Israel's presence in the Gaza Strip.

2006

After Prime Minister Sharon suffers a stroke, Ehud Olmert becomes acting prime minister.

Following elections on 28 March, Prime Minister Ehud Olmert forms new government led by the Kadima Party.

Israel carried out military operations against Palestinian terrorists in Gaza after kidnapping of Israeli soldier.

The Second War in Lebanon, during which Israel carried out military operations against Hizbullah terrorism from southern Lebanon, following missile attacks and kidnapping of two Israeli soldiers.

2007

Shimon Peres elected President by the Knesset.

Israel declares Gaza "hostile territory" following Hamas violent takeover of Gaza Strip.

2008

Israel celebrates its 60th anniversary.

Israel launches its Gaza Operation (Operation Cast Lead) in response to the barrage of over 10,000 rockets and mortars fired from the Gaza Strip.

2009

Benjamin Netanyahu is elected Prime Minister in national elections held in February 2009, and forms a broad-based coalition government

The city of Tel Aviv celebrates its 100th anniversary.

2010

Israel joins the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

I am not a JEW neither I have any personal connection with Israel,my friends are of all nationalities,but as a born again believer in JESUS,I see the very important historical role of ISRAEL in the plan of GOD,so I will let THE HOLY BIBLE define for us THE FUTURE

of ISRAEL and as a matter of fact how it will effect the future of the entire world,so let's read in the book of Romans :

Romans 9 (New King James Version)

Romans 9

Israel’s Rejection of Christ

¹ I tell the truth in Christ, I am not lying, my conscience also bearing me witness in the Holy Spirit, ² that I have great sorrow and continual grief in my heart. ³ For I could wish that I myself were accursed from Christ for my brethren, my countrymen^[a] according to the flesh, ⁴ who are Israelites, to whom pertain the adoption, the glory, the covenants, the giving of the law, the service of God, and the promises; ⁵ of whom are the fathers and from whom, according to the flesh, Christ came, who is over all, the eternally blessed God. Amen.

Israel’s Rejection and God’s Purpose

⁶ But it is not that the word of God has taken no effect. For they are not all Israel who are of Israel, ⁷ nor are they all children because they are the seed of Abraham; but, “In Isaac your seed shall be called.”^[b] ⁸ That is, those who are the children of the flesh, these are not the children of God; but the children of the promise are counted as the seed. ⁹ For this is the word of promise:“At this time I will come and Sarah shall have a son.”^[c]
¹⁰ And not only this, but when Rebecca also had conceived by one man, even by our father Isaac¹¹ (for the children not yet being born, nor having done any good or evil, that the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of works but of Him who calls), ¹² it was said to her, “The older shall serve the younger.”^[d] ¹³ As it is written, “Jacob I have loved, but Esau I have hated.”^[e]

Israel’s Rejection and God’s Justice

¹⁴ What shall we say then? Is there unrighteousness with God? Certainly not! ¹⁵ For He says to Moses, “I will have mercy on whomever I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whomever I will have compassion.”^[f] ¹⁶ So then it is not of him who wills, nor of him who runs, but of God who shows mercy. ¹⁷ For the Scripture says to the Pharaoh, “For this very purpose I have raised you up, that I may show My power in you, and that My name may be declared in all the earth.”^[g] ¹⁸ Therefore He has mercy on whom He wills, and whom He wills He hardens.
¹⁹ You will say to me then, “Why does He still find fault? For who has resisted His will?” ²⁰ But indeed, O man, who are you to reply against God? Will the thing formed say to him who formed it, “Why have you made me like this?” ²¹ Does not the potter have power over the clay, from the same lump to make one vessel for honor and another for dishonor?
²² What if God, wanting to show His wrath and to make His power known, endured with much longsuffering the vessels of wrath prepared for destruction, ²³ and that He might make known the riches of His glory on the vessels of mercy, which He had prepared beforehand for glory, ²⁴ even us whom He called, not of the Jews only, but also of the Gentiles?
²⁵ As He says also in Hosea:

      “ I will call them My people, who were not My people,
      And her beloved, who was not beloved.”^[h]
       ²⁶ “ And it shall come to pass in the place where it was said to them,

      ‘ You are not My people,’
      There they shall be called sons of the living God.”^[i]

²⁷ Isaiah also cries out concerning Israel:^[j]

      “ Though the number of the children of Israel be as the sand of the sea,
       The remnant will be saved.
       ²⁸ For He will finish the work and cut it short in righteousness,
       Because the LORD will make a short work upon the earth.”^[k]

²⁹ And as Isaiah said before:

      “ Unless the LORD of Sabaoth^[l]had left us a seed,
       We would have become like Sodom,
      And we would have been made like Gomorrah.”^[m]

Present Condition of Israel

³⁰ What shall we say then? That Gentiles, who did not pursue righteousness, have attained to righteousness, even the righteousness of faith; ³¹ but Israel, pursuing the law of righteousness, has not attained to the law of righteousness.^[n] ³² Why? Because they did not seek it by faith, but as it were, by the works of the law.^[o] For they stumbled at that stumbling stone. ³³ As it is written:

      “ Behold, I lay in Zion a stumbling stone and rock of offense,
      And whoever believes on Him will not be put to shame.”^[p]

Romans 11

The Remnant of Israel

¹ I ask then: Did God reject his people? By no means! I am an Israelite myself, a descendant of Abraham, from the tribe of Benjamin. ² God did not reject his people, whom he foreknew. Don’t you know what Scripture says in the passage about Elijah—how he appealed to God against Israel: ³ “Lord, they have killed your prophets and torn down your altars; I am the only one left, and they are trying to kill me”^[a]? ⁴ And what was God’s answer to him? “I have reserved for myself seven thousand who have not bowed the knee to Baal.”^[b] ⁵ So too, at the present time there is a remnant chosen by grace. ⁶ And if by grace, then it cannot be based on works; if it were, grace would no longer be grace. ⁷ What then? What the people of Israel sought so earnestly they did not obtain. The elect among them did, but the others were hardened, ⁸ as it is written:   “God gave them a spirit of stupor,
   eyes that could not see
   and ears that could not hear,
to this very day.”^[c] ⁹ And David says:   “May their table become a snare and a trap,
   a stumbling block and a retribution for them.
¹⁰ May their eyes be darkened so they cannot see,
   and their backs be bent forever.”^[d]

Ingrafted Branches

¹¹ Again I ask: Did they stumble so as to fall beyond recovery? Not at all! Rather, because of their transgression, salvation has come to the Gentiles to make Israel envious. ¹² But if their transgression means riches for the world, and their loss means riches for the Gentiles, how much greater riches will their full inclusion bring! ¹³ I am talking to you Gentiles. Inasmuch as I am the apostle to the Gentiles, I take pride in my ministry ¹⁴ in the hope that I may somehow arouse my own people to envy and save some of them. ¹⁵ For if their rejection brought reconciliation to the world, what will their acceptance be but life from the dead? ¹⁶ If the part of the dough offered as firstfruits is holy, then the whole batch is holy; if the root is holy, so are the branches. ¹⁷ If some of the branches have been broken off, and you, though a wild olive shoot, have been grafted in among the others and now share in the nourishing sap from the olive root, ¹⁸ do not consider yourself to be superior to those other branches. If you do, consider this: You do not support the root, but the root supports you. ¹⁹ You will say then, “Branches were broken off so that I could be grafted in.” ²⁰ Granted. But they were broken off because of unbelief, and you stand by faith. Do not be arrogant, but tremble. ²¹ For if God did not spare the natural branches, he will not spare you either. ²² Consider therefore the kindness and sternness of God: sternness to those who fell, but kindness to you, provided that you continue in his kindness. Otherwise, you also will be cut off. ²³ And if they do not persist in unbelief, they will be grafted in, for God is able to graft them in again. ²⁴ After all, if you were cut out of an olive tree that is wild by nature, and contrary to nature were grafted into a cultivated olive tree, how much more readily will these, the natural branches, be grafted into their own olive tree!

All Israel Will Be Saved

²⁵ I do not want you to be ignorant of this mystery, brothers and sisters, so that you may not be conceited: Israel has experienced a hardening in part until the full number of the Gentiles has come in,²⁶ and in this way^[e] all Israel will be saved. As it is written:   “The deliverer will come from Zion;
   he will turn godlessness away from Jacob.
²⁷ And this is^[f] my covenant with them
   when I take away their sins.”^[g] ²⁸ As far as the gospel is concerned, they are enemies for your sake; but as far as election is concerned, they are loved on account of the patriarchs, ²⁹ for God’s gifts and his call are irrevocable. ³⁰ Just as you who were at one time disobedient to God have now received mercy as a result of their disobedience, ³¹ so they too have now become disobedient in order that they too may now^[h] receive mercy as a result of God’s mercy to you. ³² For God has bound everyone over to disobedience so that he may have mercy on them all.

Doxology

³³ Oh, the depth of the riches of the wisdom and^[i] knowledge of God!
   How unsearchable his judgments,
   and his paths beyond tracing out!
³⁴ “Who has known the mind of the Lord?
   Or who has been his counselor?”^[j]
³⁵ “Who has ever given to God,
   that God should repay them?”^[k]
³⁶ For from him and through him and for him are all things.
   To him be the glory forever! Amen.